Policy Strategies for Reducing Unmet Need for Family Planning in West Java Province: A Regional Typology Approach Prioritising Urban Areas
Strategi Kebijakan Penurunan Unmet Need Keluarga Berencana di Provinsi Jawa Barat: Pendekatan Tipologi Wilayah dengan Prioritas Kawasan Perkotaan
Abstract
Unmet need for family planning (FP) in West Java Province rose again in 2024–2025 after falling to 10.6% in 2023, while the national target for 2029 is 8.5%. This article formulates the most feasible policy to reduce unmet need, taking regional differences into account. Using the 2025 Family Data Update for 27 regencies/cities, the analysis combined quadrant analysis (an adaptation of Klassen’s typology), correlation tests, rubric-based USG scoring, problem tree analysis, theory and regulatory review, and an assessment of alternatives using Bardach’s criteria with sensitivity tests. Results show a significant negative correlation between unmet need and the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (r = −0.50; p = 0.008): unmet FP needs are highest where fertility is already low. Nine metropolitan regencies/cities (Quadrant IV), home to about 45% of the province’s population, have an average unmet need of 14.72% and an average TFR of 1.92, indicating that the main barrier lies in enabling service factors rather than motivation. The root cause is the lack of integration of private midwife practices and private clinics—the largest providers of modern contraceptive services—into the government FP service network, leaving services misaligned with urban work patterns. Among four alternatives, an integrated urban FP service network tied with mandatory postpartum FP on total score but ranked first on technical feasibility as the only option addressing the root cause. The article recommends a Governor’s Regulation on an Integrated Urban FP Service Network that sets standards for after-hours services, informed-choice counselling, postpartum FP, and performance-based incentives, coordinated through the Stunting Reduction Acceleration Team and implemented in phases over 36 months.
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